# 08 Named Entities Named entities (NEs) are nouns and noun phrases that specifically designate a person, location, organisation or other distinct object existing in real space and time, In a broader sense, they can also include (possessive) adjectives derived from a person's name, such as DERIV-PER\[Obamova\] izvolitev). In Slovene, named entities are typically indicated orthographically by capitalization (e.g., "Slovenska tiskovna agencija") or abbreviations (e.g., "STA"). It's important to note, however, that a capital letter or an abbreviation doesn't always signify a named entity (e.g. the Slovene acronym BDP, translated to 'GDP' in English, represents a common noun phrase). The ability to accurately identify named entities in text plays a crucial role in numerous natural language processing tasks, including information extraction, coreference resolution, sentiment analysis, and more. # Introduction to Labels This chapter summarises labels for named entities (NEs). A more detailed presentation can be found in the guidelines in the Annotation Guidelines chapter.
| **Category** | **Subcategory** | **Examples** | **Doesn't belong in the category** | | ------------------------ | ----------------------- | ----------- | ------------- | | **PER** some white text | Person (name and/or surname) | Janez Novak, da Vinci, Ludvik XIV. | dr., gospa, sv. | | | Pet name | Fifi | | || Artistic name, pseudonym | Madonna, mati Terez(ij)a, Banksy | | || Fictional characters (from books, films etc.) | Ana Karenina, Rdeča kapica | | || Nicknames | (Boštjan Gorenc -) Pižama, Zvezdica89 | | | |Named group of people (placerelated or family name) | Angleži, Nemec, Ljubljančan; Novakovi | | | |Twitter mentions | @pizama, @Nike | | | **DERIV-PER** some white text | Personal possessive adjectives | Novakov (pes) | Alzheimerjeva (bolezen) | | **ORG** | Organizations | EU, Nato, Rimskokatoliška cerkev | parlament, vlada | || Companies | Microsoft, Pasadena d.o.o. | | || Airport operators | Aerodrom Ljubljana | Letališče Jožeta Pučnika | || Educational institutions | Filozofska fakulteta | | || Institutes |  Institut “Jožef Stefan” | | || Museums, libraries |  Prirodoslovni muzej | | || Theatres, cinemas etc. |  MGL, Kinodvor | | || Media (TV, radio, newspaper etc.) |  Dnevnik, Delo, Radio Center | | || Restaurants, hotels, bars, pubs etc. |  Kavarna Zvezda, [hH]otel Lev | | || Healthcare facilities |  [zZ]dravstveni dom Ribnica | | || Music bands and other art-related groups |  U2, Beatli, [aA]nsambel Avsenik | | || Other public and private institutions |  [oO]bčina Piran, NPK | | || Political parties, civic societies, NGOs |  DeSUS, Zveza potrošnikov Slovenije | | || Sports clubs, associations |  (HDD SIJ) Acroni Jesenice, (FC) Barcelona| || Cultural organizations (also amateur) |  [mM]ešani pevski zbor Divača | | | **LOC** | Celestial bodies (planets, comets etc.) |  Mars, Andromeda, Halleyjev komet | | || Continents |  Južna Amerika | | || Countries, provinces, lands (historic and modern) |  Slovenija, Združene države (Amerike) | EU | || Regions |  Primorska, Valonija, Nova Anglija | | || Cities and settlements (including parts) |  Ljubljana, Šiška, Vrhnika, Na klancu | | || Streets, squares |  Jamova cesta 39 |  A2, gorenjska AC | || Shopping centres |  Citypark, Supernova | | || Airports |  Letališče Jožeta Pučnika | | || Churches (named building) |  [cC]erkev sv. Nikolaja | Rimskokatoliška cerkev | || Local sights (cultural, natural) |  Tromostovje, Triglavski narodni park | | || Other named buildings (without org. structure) | [kK]ulturni dom Ljubno, WTC 2 | Cankarjev dom (ima org. strukturo, npr. direktorja) | ||Mountains, lakes, rivers and other named geographical objects |Triglav, Blejsko jezero, Sava, Logarska dolina | | | **MISC** | Computer systems, programs, apps | Windows 10, Word, Android 5.1 Lollipop |  .docx, pdf, OCR | || Titles of books, films, paintings and other works of art; titles of documents | Vojna in mir, Ko jagenjčki obmolknejo, Sopranovi, Guernica; Uradni list RS | | || Registered names or models of products (cars, mobile phones, computers, games etc.) and other commercial products (brands) | Galaxy Note 7, Nokia Lumia 950, Toyota RAV4, Minecraft, Človek ne jezi se | | || Titles of events | Oskarji, Zlata lisica, 10. mednarodna konferenca Jezikovne tehnologije | shod nacifašistov | || Project names | Obzorje 2020 | | || Stock market indices | SBI20,  Dow Jones, Nasdaq |  Bonitetne ocene (AAA) | # Annotation Guidelines This chapter summarizes the annotation guidelines for named entity recognition (NER) as applied to Slovene texts.
**Version 1.1
Project [Janes - Resources, Tools and Methods for the Research of Nonstandard Internet Slovene](https://nl.ijs.si/janes/english)**
ZUPAN, Katja; LJUBEŠIĆ, Nikola in ERJAVEC, Tomaž, 2017: *Annotation guidelines for Slovenian named entities Janes-NER*: Version 1.1. [[PDF]](https://wiki.cjvt.si/attachments/31)
# References and Links This chapter compiles relevant references and provides links to projects where named entity recognition (NER) has been developed and applied to Slovene texts.
**Projects, in which the system has been developed or applied
** [MUC-6 Named Entity Task Definition](http://cs.nyu.edu/faculty/grishman/NEtask20.book_1.html)
[CONLL 2003](http://www.cnts.ua.ac.be/conll2003/ner/annotation.txt)
[BSNLP 2017 shared task](http://bsnlp-2017.cs.helsinki.fi/shared_task.html)
[Janes - Resources, Tools and Methods for the Research of Nonstandard Internet Slovene](https://nl.ijs.si/janes/english/)
[Development of Slovene in a Digital Environment](https://rsdo.slovenscina.eu/en)
**References**
Marc Reznicek: *Linguistische Annotation von Nichtstandardvarietäten / Guidelines und „Best Practices" Guidelines NER* (version 1.5). [https://www.linguistik.huberlin.de/de/institut/professuren/korpuslinguistik/forschung/nosta-d/nosta-d-ner-1.5](https://www.linguistik.huberlin.de/de/institut/professuren/korpuslinguistik/forschung/nosta-d/nosta-d-ner-1.5)
LDC - Linguistic Data Consortium: ACE (Automatic Content Extraction) English Annotation Guidelines for Entities, Version 6.6 2008.06.13, [http://projects.ldc.upenn.edu/ace](http://projects.ldc.upenn.edu/ace) (Accessed on 2 November 2020).